interacts with prices to generate a conventional demand curve. We test the price responsiveness of the demand for punishment by … strategic reason to punish. We nonetheless find significant levels of punishment, and we learn that both price and the extent to … which the recipient's contribution is below the group mean are significant determinants of the quantity of punishment …

experiment reported here, subjects are given the opportunity to vote on rules governing punishment. We found that, from their … and reduces the free rider problem; however, a substantial amount of punishment is targeted on high contributors. In the … first opportunity to vote, no group ever allowed punishment of high contributors, most groups eventually voted to allow …

in several recent studies, and we report a new experiment which shows that introducing higher-order punishment …The fact that many people take it upon themselves to impose costly punishment on free riders helps to explain why … punishment is costly and at times misdirected. We document the frequency and probable causes of punishment of high contributors …

Considerable experimental evidence shows that although costly peer-punishment enhances cooperation in repeated public …-good games, heavy punishment in early rounds leads to average period payoffs below the non-cooperative equilibrium benchmark. In … fall prey to a poverty trap or, to avoid this, abstain from punishment altogether. We show that neither is the case …

effect on average level of contributions in a public goods experiment relative to play without announcements. But a detailed … analysis of this experiment shows that pre-play announcements increased the variance of achieved cooperation among groups … them significantly increased both contributions and earnings in a treatment that includes costly punishment opportunities …

In a public goods experiment with the opportunity to vote to expel members of a group, we found that contributions rose …

: communication, and punishment (allowing subjects to engage in costly reductions of one another’s earnings after learning of their … contribution decisions). We find that communication increases contributions more than punishment, and, taking into account the cost … of punishment, only communication significantly increases subjects’ earnings and thus efficiency. We study three forms of …

: communication, and punishment (allowing subjects to engage in costly reductions of one another’s earnings after learning of their … contribution decisions). We find that communication increases contributions more than punishment, and, taking into account the cost … of punishment, only communication significantly increases subjects’ earnings and thus efficiency. We study three forms of …

We use a laboratory experiment to test the impacts of uncertainty, the magnitude of fines and aversion against making …