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The Effect of High School Exit Exams on Graduation, Employment, Wages and Incarceration

Lang, Kevin; Baker, Olesya - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013

We evaluate the effects of high school exit exams on high school graduation, incarceration, employment and wages. We construct a state/graduation-cohort dataset using the Current Population Survey, Census and information on exit exams. We find relatively modest effects of high school exit exams...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010671798

Early and Late Human Capital Investments, Borrowing Constraints, and the Family

Caucutt, Elizabeth; Lochner, Lance - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

This paper investigates the importance of family borrowing constraints in determining human capital investments in children at early and late ages. We begin by providing new evidence from the Children of the NLSY (CNLSY) which suggests that borrowing constraints bind for at least some families...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010584458

Student Loans and Repayment: Theory, Evidence and Policy

Lochner, Lance; Monge-Naranjo, Alexander - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

Rising costs of and returns to college have led to sizeable increases in the demand for student loans in many countries. In the U.S., student loan default rates have also risen for recent cohorts as labor market uncertainty and debt levels have increased. We discuss these trends as well as...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011123617

Correlation, Consumption, Confusion, or Constraints: Why do Poor Children Perform so Poorly?

Caucutt, Elizabeth; Lochner, Lance; Park, Youngmin - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

The economic and social mobility of a generation may be largely determined by the time it enters school given early developing and persistent gaps in child achievement by family income and the importance of adolescent skill levels for educational attainment and lifetime earnings. After providing...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011201895

The Black-White Education-Scaled Test-Score Gap in Grades K-7

Lang, Kevin; Bond, Timothy N. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2013

We address the ordinality of test scores by rescaling them by the average eventual educational attainment of students with a given test score in a given grade. We show that measurement error in test scores causes this approach to underestimate the black-white test score gap and use an...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010678467

The Evolution of the Black-White Test Score Gap in Grades K-3: The Fragility of Results

Lang, Kevin; Bond, Timothy N. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

Although both economists and psychometricians typically treat them as interval scales, test scores are reported using ordinal scales. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study and the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey, we examine the effect of order-preserving scale transformations...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011188570

Credit Constraints in Education

Lochner, Lance; Monge-Naranjo, Alexander - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011

We review studies of the impact of credit constraints on the accumulation of human capital. Evidence suggests that credit constraints are increasingly important for schooling and other aspects of households' behavior. We highlight the importance of early childhood investments, since their...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009294899

Learning-By-Doing Vs. On-the-Job Training: Using Variation Induced by the EITC to Distinguish Between Models of Skill Formation

Lochner, Lance; Heckman, James; Cossa, Ricardo - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

This paper investigates the impact of wage subsidies on skill formulation. We analyze two prototypical models of skill formation: (a) a learning-by-doing model and (b) an on-the-job training model. We develop conditions on the pricing of jobs under which the two models are equivalent. In general...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005828553

The Return to English in a Non-English Speaking Country: Russian Immigrants and Native Israelis in Israel

Lang, Kevin; Siniver, Erez - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

We use a unique sample of Russian immigrants and natives in Israel to examine the return to English knowledge. In cross …-section estimates there is a significant return to English knowledge for both immigrants and natives with high levels of education … explained by factors other than language acquisition. These results are confirmed using panel data on wages and knowledge of …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829413

Explaining Rising Wage Inequality: Explorations with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Labor Earnings with Heterogeneous Agents

Lochner, Lance; Heckman, James J.; Taber, Christopher - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1998

This paper develops and estimates an overlapping generations general equilibrium model of labor earnings, skill formation and physical capital accumulation with heterogeneous human capital. The model analyzes both schooling choices and post-school on-the-job investment in skills in a framework...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005774975