network available to other companies (local loop unbundling, or LLU). Entrants are then able to upgrade their individual lines … that over the course of time, many entrants have begun to take advantage of LLU. However, unbundling has little or no … technology (cable) which is not subject to regulation, and what we discover is that inter-platform competition has a positive …

government regulation may reduce transaction costs, intensifying the competition associated with a given market structure, and we … regional price regulation and the share of votes received by the Communist Party. …