Standard models suggest that adverse labor demand shocks will lead to bigger employment losses if institutional factors … explains the contrast between the United States, where real wages fell over the 1980s and aggregate employment expanded … vigorously, and Europe, where real wages were (roughly) constant and employment was stagnant. We test this hypothesis by …

workers and their employers as well as the way workers sort into jobs on the basis of these unobservable factors. The … finding actually results from a lack of sufficient heterogeneity in the workforce and available jobs. Workers do sort into … jobs on the basis of productive differences, but the effects of sorting are not visible because of the composition of …

We use longitudinal individual wage and employment data in France and the United States to investigate the effect of … changes in the real minimum wage on an individual's employment status. We find that movements in both French and American real … minimum wages are associated with mild employment effects in general and very strong effects on workers employed at the …

short-term employment contracts are converted to long-term contracts at their termination; (7) most worker flows are … procyclical; (8) employment adjustment occurs primarily through changes in the entry rates (often of short-term contract workers … about three times the size of net employment changes inside the job category …

labour market policies on youth employment in France. We focus our discussion on three types of policies: (1) youth … or employment probabilities, except if they have a large training content. In contrast, the reduction of labour costs has … employment schemes for out-of-employment and low-skilled young adults, (2) on-the-job training schemes, (3) payroll tax subsidies …

or predicted by the political composition of the boards, weakened employment growth in the retail industry. Our findings … indicate that retail employment could have been more than 10% higher today had entry regulation not been introduced. Promoting … product market competition may thus be a key reform for countries with poor employment performance …