We study the interplay between transportation infrastructure, knowledge flows, and innovation. Exploiting historical … variation, we estimate the effect of U.S. interstate highways on regional innovation. We find that a 10% increase in a region …

Patents are a useful but imperfect reward for innovation. In sectors like pharmaceuticals, where monopoly distortions … lower prices. Innovation prizes and other non-patent rewards are becoming more prevalent in government's innovation policy … therefore can generate the right innovation incentives. …

externalities and their impact on regional innovation. We examine MSA-level patent data during the period 1975-2000 and find that … innovation output is higher in regions where large and small firms coexist. The finding is robust to across-region as well as …

This Paper develops a framework for testing discrete complementarities in innovation policy using European data on … obstacles to innovation. We propose a discrete test of supermodularity in innovation policy leading to a number of inequality … constraints. We apply our test to two types of innovation decisions: to innovate or not, and if so, by how much. We find that …

We study how the market for innovation affects enforcement of patent rights. Conventional wisdom associates the gains … potential gains from trade are more likely to change ownership, suggesting that the market for innovation is efficient. We also …

Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data for 14 European countries. Our model incorporates three groups of variables which could … firm, the second group measures different innovation activities and the third group describes the internationalisation of …

Cumulative innovation is central to economic growth. Do patent rights facilitate or impede such follow-on innovation …. Patent rights appear to block follow-on innovation only in the technology fields of computers, electronics and medical … small innovators, suggesting that patents may impede the ‘democratization’ of innovation. …