immigration as a tool to counter the negative impact of population ageing on economic growth and the pressure on public funds …. While we know that immigration alone cannot solve the problem of population ageing, it can be an important policy instrument …

This paper presents a modified and improved methodology for the decomposition of wage differentials between two groups … of workers into an endowment component and a discrimination component. The standard decomposition technique does not take … into the wage differential decompositions, two statistical methodologies are merged: the Oaxaca methodology and the Heckman …

key ingredients: creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects. Creditor discrimination arises because, in turbulent …

discrimination. Using data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, we find that women's wages would be between 20 and 25 … per cent higher in the absence of discrimination. This is somewhat higher than previous estimates have indicated. …

purpose, two approaches are combined – a quantitative analysis of data on allowance transactions from the EUTL and a survey …