customs liberalizations and, more so, currency agreements improved trade possibilities. However, the impact of trains was …

institutions to affect growth. Institutions can directly affect growth, or it can impact on trade, which in turn affects growth …. Once we separately quantify the link from institutions to trade, and trade to growth, the independent effect of … institutions on growth is small. This suggests that part of what is often understood as trade's effect on growth can be attributed …

trade patterns in a historical dataset on Chinese rice prices. Our results suggest that spatial features were important for … the expansion of interregional trade. Geography dictates, first, over what distances trade was possible in different … the direction in which a trading network is expanding. Moreover, our analysis captures the impact of new trade routes both …