, they cannot explain the post-1929 increase in trade costs. Protectionism seems the most likely alternative candidate. …

something else mattered just as much: the opening up of the European economy to international trade. …

convergence. Focusing on the late nineteenth century, a period both of globalization and convergence, it shows that trade had an …

-biased technological change was due to a growth in ``Baconian knowledge'' and international trade. Simulations show that the model does a …

Trade theorists have come to understand that their theory is ambiguous on the question: are trade and factor flows … finds that policy-makers never behaved as if they viewed trade and immigration as substitutes. …

supply side at center stage, affording little or no role for demand or overseas trade. Recently, alternative explanations … have placed an emphasis on the importance of trade with New World colonies, and the expanded supply of raw cotton it … for 1760 and 1850. Neither claim is supported. Trade was vital for the progress of the industrial revolution; but it was …

Many previous studies of the role of trade during the British Industrial Revolution have found little or no role for … trade in explaining British living standards or growth rates. We construct a three-region model of the world in which … that while trade had only a small impact on British welfare in the 1760s, it had a very large impact in the 1850s. This …

have argued that trade makes war less likely, yet World War I erupted at a time of unprecedented globalization. This paper … develops a theoretical model of the relationship between trade and war which can help to explain both these observations …