small relative share of R&D in GDP. The paper uses insights from recent dynamic theories of trade to explain these three … contributed to Austria's post-war growth and the evolution of its pattern of trade over time. The paper looks at two lessons for … the Austrian experience, industrial and trade policy for economies in transition is discussed. …

This paper emphasizes the relevance of classical transition dynamics for trade policy, particularly for developing … to trade policy reforms. The paper employs a simple growth model to examine these effects, formally developing the …

directly related to the level of external trade - which implies that commercial policy can affect economic growth. In … particular, unilateral trade liberalization may increase steady-state income growth in all countries. …

To the extent that trade policy affects trade flows between countries, the ramifications can be far-reaching from an … of trade between countries on changes in the rate of reduction in the size of the income gap that exists between them …. Export and import data are used as the criteria for determining bilateral trade between major trade partners, resulting in …

We review the literature on the links between technology and international trade. The older literature assumed … exogenous technologies and focused on their effects on the structure of foreign trade and on welfare. Recently much of the … effort has been on explaining technological change. As a result, we also describe the effects of foreign trade on …

world-wide SO2 emissions and estimate the impact of trade on emissions. Contrarily to concerns raised by environmentalists … reduction in emissions. A second exercise comparing the actual trade situation with an autarky benchmark estimates that trade …

to innovate (if at all) in manufacturing and services. Locations can trade subject to transport costs and technology …