In 1986, Congress attempted to reduce the incentives for unauthorized migration by eliminating U.S. employment opportunities for unauthorized workers. To recognize the commitment that many unauthorized workers had already made to the U.S. labor market, amnesty was granted to approximately 1.7...

Evidence from a range of countries suggests the existence of a "wage curve" -an inverse relation between earnings of individual workers and the rate of unemployment in the region in which they live. If such a relation does exist it has important implications for labour market theory and policy....