differentiating between actual and planned citizenship. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we measure the impact that integration …, but not to those educated in Germany. We find that the degree of integration in German society has a differential effect …

questioned, they can be classified into four states - assimilation, integration, separation and marginalization. This is … information on language, culture, societal interaction, history of migration, and ethnic self-identification. In what state … men differentially. This paper contends that ethnic identity can significantly affect the attachment to and performance of …