protectionist policies in countries where workers will benefit from the imposition of tariffs and quotas. We test and confirm these …

agricultural tariffs, industrial tariffs, and revenue tariffs, for a sample of relatively well-developed countries between 1875 and … 1913. Industrial tariffs were positively correlated with growth. Agricultural tariffs were negatively correlated with … between revenue tariffs and growth. …

The paper estimates the correlation between tariffs and economic growth in the late nineteenth century, in the context … accumulation models. It does so for a panel of ten countries between 1875 and 1914. Tariffs were positively correlated with growth …

distribution into three main components: efficiency, amenities, and frictions. Higher efficiency and better amenities lead to … MSAs in the United States, we parametrize the model and empirically estimate efficiency, amenities and frictions …

an attempt to manipulate security prices to their benefit. This leads to incomplete risk-sharing, despite the existence … of complete markets and the absence of aggregate risk. When a fiscal union centralizes fiscal policy, security prices can …

that commodity price volatility is a key source of those shocks. This paper explores commodity and manufactures prices over …Poor countries are more volatile than rich countries, and we know this volatility impedes their growth. We also know … the past three centuries to answer three questions: Has commodity price volatility increased over time? The answer is no …