As a result of debt enforcement problems, many high-productivity firms in emerging economies are unable to pledge … additional resources that flow to high-productivity firms after the reforms. We show that some of these resources do not come … from abroad, but instead from domestic low-productivity firms that are driven out of business as a result of the reforms …

to these scenarios affect the upside and downside risks embodied in the baseline real-time oil price forecast. Such risk …

situation poses to price stability. We propose to regard the central banker as a risk manager who aims to contain inflation … within pre-specified bounds. We develop formal tools of risk management that may be used to quantify and forecast the risks … of failing to attain that objective. We illustrate the use of these risk measures in practice. First, we show how to …

Motivated by policy statements of central bankers, we propose to regard the central banker as a risk manager who aims … of risk management that may be used to quantify the risks of failing to attain that objective. Risk measures inherently … assumption of quadratic symmetric preferences, while being congruent with a risk management model. We show how the parameters of …

these facts, we propose a simple model of sovereign risk in which debt can be traded in secondary markets. The model has two …