innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to an innovation-based strategy with …

frontier. In vertically integrated firms, owners (managers) have to spend time both on production and innovation activities …, and this creates managerial overload, and discourages innovation. Outsourcing of some production activities mitigates the … frontier, the value of innovation increases, encouraging outsourcing. …

We study the evolution of sectoral employment and labour cost in 11 European countries over the last two decades. Our … countries and industries in employment growth, whereas country-specific effects are more important in the analysis of labour … employment. We pay special attention to Spain, a country that has experienced a high persistent unemployment rate, and show that …

employment turnover and high insurance can co-exist with an American-type steady-state with low unemployment, high employment …