Labor market programs may affect unemployed individuals’ behavior before they enroll. Such ex ante effects may differ …

the recession and peaked at more than 1.5 million. Without the extensive use of short-time work, unemployment would have … been overcome and employment is strongly expanding, modified regulations governing shorttime work are still in place. This …

immigrants from outside of Europe for low-skilled jobs instead of competing with German natives. While Germany needs high …-skilled immigrants, our analysis suggests that the new EU8 immigrants only replace non-EU immigrants in low-skilled jobs. These results …

able to generate fragile equilibria. For instance, in this literature the natural unemployment rate is allowed to shift … over time depending on past unemployment. Actually, many European unemployment series seem to exhibit a unit root or … persistence. This view is questioned in the paper using German data on unemployment. A new class of time-series models, the …

This paper uses the immigration sample of the German Socioeconomic Panel to analyse the earnings and unemployment … Poland and the former USSR have higher unemployment risks than those from East Germany or Romania. Ethnic networks are shown … to be very useful for a successful integration into the labour market. …

Germany. We establish that in the long run, high union membership levels coincide not only with a large labour force, but also … to workers. In the short run, union membership dynamics are mainly driven by changes in unemployment. In turn, changes in …

employment probability about two months after unemployment entry. We observe a significantly lower employment probability for … natives and second generation migrants. We analyze an inflow sample into unemployment in Germany, and find differences between …

survey data of a representative inflow sample into unemployment in Germany, we empirically test the hypothesis that …

that ethnic minorities do want to change their situation, especially in terms of employment, education, housing and …