The health care professions in Europe have been subject to substantial entry and conduct regulation. Most notably … competition through geographic entry restrictions. We develop an entry model to study the direct impact of the regulations on the … representative for many other countries with geographic entry restrictions. We find that the entry decisions of pharmacies and …

incentives for relatively low-cost firms to enter the market, and thus improves the efficiency of the entry process. The … among firms, the proportion of high-cost firms, the cost of restructuring, and entry costs for new firms. …

market with horizontal product differentiation when choosing its level of roll-out. The endogenous extent of entry influences … downstream retail prices; Bertrand or local monopoly pricing or a mixed strategy equilibrium may emerge. Importantly, entry may …

asymmetric firms, restructuring, and entry. We show how these welfare effects depend on the initial level of market development …, and restructuring and entry costs. The model generates an endogenous demand for infrastructure investment, and the … simulate the relative welfare effects of reducing transport, restructuring and entry costs, and we evaluate in each case the …

effect on broadband penetration, compared to those areas where the loops are not unbundled. LLU entry instead has a strongly …