are much lower in Europe compared to North America, while employment-to-employment flows are similar in the two continents … US. Furthermore, using US data, we find that the discrimination against the unemployed increased over the 1980's in those …

intensities and discrimination (Becker 1957) due to an appearance-based employer disutility factor. Because these sources affect …’s disutility from certain workers, are identifiable using standard labour market survey data. We demonstrate identification using … data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Estimation of these parameters by matching moments from a sample of …

key ingredients: creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects. Creditor discrimination arises because, in turbulent …

discrimination. Using data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, we find that women's wages would be between 20 and 25 … per cent higher in the absence of discrimination. This is somewhat higher than previous estimates have indicated. …

We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German … period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990's had no adverse effects on native wages and … as `flexible' as the UK labour market, it would be more efficient in dealing with the effects of immigration. …

In this paper we look at the effects of immigration and trade with Eastern Europe on unemployment in Austria. Using … immigration effect on unemployment duration. Within almost all subgroups there is a significant increase in the length of … unemployment spells as a result of increased immigration. Increased trade with Central and East European Countries (CEECs) seems to …

We analyse the impact of increased immigration on labour market outcomes of natives in Germany using a dataset of … county-level variables for the late 1980s. We study two measures of immigration, the change in the share of foreigners … unemployment. Taking account of the mean reversion in unemployment we find no detrimental effect of immigration. Similar results …

, the completion of Europe's domestic market could exert a profound influence on nonmember countries. This paper examines …

The paper surveys recent analyses of rising unemployment in Europe based on the concept of the natural rate. It argues …