differentiating between actual and planned citizenship. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we measure the impact that integration … characteristics. A robust finding is that German citizenship is very valuable to female immigrants and the generally better educated … on citizenship acquisition. While a longer residence in Germany has a negative influence on actual or future …

Over the last decades, both Canada and Sweden have liberalized citizenship regulations for permanent residents. During … immigrants arriving from non-western countries. The aim of this paper is to explore the link between citizenship and employment …. We use instrumental variable regression to examine the 'clean' impact of citizenship acquisition and the size of the co …