This Paper studies how an institution such as markets affects the evolution of mankind. My key point is that the forces … of natural selection are made weaker because trade allows people to specialize in those activities where they are strong …, and to offset their weaknesses by purchasing adequate goods on the market. Absent trade, people must allocate their time …

Natural resources account for 20% of world trade, and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to … (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature, and argue that the policy equilibrium …

sources into those attributable to productivity events in the core and to globalization forces connecting core to periphery …-1878. There were three forces at work that account for Mexican exceptionalism: first, the terms of trade and Dutch disease effects …

equilibrium model of trade and offshoring. This reveals that globalization and offshoring have two opposing effects on relative … falling trade costs for goods. However, we also find that if the globalization process continues as a result of reduced costs … fact been bell-shaped. We argue that this bell-shaped evolution of wage inequality can be linked to globalization and a …

This paper analyzes empirically the relationship between civil wars and international trade. We first show that trade … presence of two effects that trade can have on the risk of civil conflicts: it may act as a deterrent if trade gains are put at … risk during civil wars but it may also act as an insurance if international trade provides a substitute to internal trade …

The Paper analyses (i) if globalization is undemocratic, (ii) if NGOs can fill a gap in representation and … democracy and globalization. A major part deals with the question of whether globalization enhances democracy. The answer is …

This paper analyses theoretically and empirically the relationship between trade and war. We show that the intuition … that trade promotes peace is only partially true even in a model where trade is beneficial to all, war reduces trade and … probability of escalation is indeed lower for countries that trade more bilaterally because of the opportunity cost associated …

of trade. Regression results suggest that import protection makes income distribution worse for countries in labour …

shows that borders and distance impede trade by much more than tariffs or transports costs can explain. We therefore …