This Paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind …

systematically refutes the self-interest hypothesis and suggests that many people are strongly motivated by concerns for fairness and … reciprocity. Moreover, several theoretical Papers have been written showing that the observed phenomena can be explained in a … insights into the nature of preferences and into the relative performance of competing theories of fairness. The purpose of …

this Paper is twofold: first, it shows that reciprocity is an important motive for charitable giving, in addition to the … warm-glow motive. Second, the Paper confirms the economic relevance of reciprocity by using field data. This extends the … current body of research on reciprocity, which is almost exclusively confined to laboratory studies. …

-interest theory but is consistent with theories of fairness. …

We show that concerns for fairness may have dramatic consequences for the optimal provision of incentives in a moral … concerned with fairness. Conversely, contracts that are doomed to fail when there are only selfish actors provide powerful … of a series of experiments. Furthermore, our results suggest that the existence of fair actors may be an important reason …

particular cardiovascular health, and fairness of pay. …