The paper develops a new approach to measuring the impact of government cash transfers on poverty alleviation that … of changes in government cash benefits on poverty rates in Russia during 1994 to 1998. The methodological contribution is … changes in the expenditure distribution excluding cash transfers on movements in poverty rates. At least 30% of the rise in …

percentage of households in poverty. He attributed the bulk of this decline to government welfare reforms enacted during and … after the War. Some observers have been uneasy about these striking results, especially with the rediscovery of poverty in … the 1960s. In this paper we re-examine the surviving records from the 1950 survey, making the poverty line more consistent …

concluded that divorce has little effect on women’s average household income. Employing an Abadie (2003) technique that allows … increases the probability that a woman lives in a household with income in the bottom quartile. While women partially offset the …