firms. Coupled with imperfect competition in the banking sector, this means that banks with chronically high excess reserves …

and banks. Finally, we find spillover effects in particular from sovereigns in the euro area periphery to the core …

that while in the two episodes of recession and financial stress the ECB acted aggressively providing liquidity to banks … in the banking sector. It shows that euro area banks, over the 2008-2012 period, did not change neither the capital to … describes other aspects of banks’ balance sheet adjustment during the two crises pointing to a progressive dismantling of …

impact on bank intermediation applying Regression Discontinuity Designs. Using a unique dataset on Dutch banks, we show that … non-compliance with a liquidity requirement causes banks to pay and charge higher interest rates as well as to increase …

-financial firm and commercial bank before the crisis, but the picture was quite different for large commercial banks States and for … investment banks worldwide. We document the following patterns: a) there was an increase in leverage ratios of investment banks … and financial firms during the early 2000s; b) there was no visible increase for commercial banks and non-financial firms …

Many economists argue that the primary economic function of banks is to provide cheap credit, and to facilitate this … function, they advocate the strict protection and enforcement of creditor rights. But banks can serve another important …

transactions, and use savings for the largest transactions. Finally, the paper shows that modeling banks as suppliers of liquidity …