little employment protection and low unemployment benefits, while the European model (generous benefits and higher duration …

This paper investigates the border between formal employment, shadow employment, and unemployment in an equilibrium … employment is correlated with unemployment, and it is tolerated because the repression of shadow activity increases unemployment … the model. The paper suggests also that policies aimed at reducing the shadow economy are likely to increase unemployment. …

others suffer long periods of costly adjustment, typically high and persistent unemployment and temporary output losses. We … unemployment duration spells, relatively large wage penalties when changing jobs and higher likelihood of leaving activity for … and persistent unemployment compared to Estonia during the period of EU enlargement. Traditional labour market …

This Paper studies the border between shadow employment and unemployment. It argues that the two macroeconomic … proposes and solves a matching model of the labour market, where shadow employment emerges in equilibrium as the endogenous … the labour market trade-off implied by ‘shadow reducing policies’, it suggests that economies with low unemployment …

The paper explores the influence of job security provisions on employment and unemployment. We show that this influence …’ bargaining power in wage negotiations. Specifically, costs of firing and hiring reduce employment and stimulate unemployment when … offers an explanation for Europe’s favourable unemployment performance vis-à-vis the United States in the 1950s and 1960s …

unemployment: labour unions, supply shocks combined with real wage rigidity, and automation and trade combined with real wage … rigidity. The fourth and fifth sections deal with deficient demand and labour turnover costs as sources of unemployment. The … final section deals with unemployment dynamics. …

unemployment by lowering the aggregate job-finding rate. We use this framework to measure the contribution of mismatch to the … recent rise in U.S. unemployment by exploiting two sources of cross-sectional data on vacancies, JOLTS and HWOL, a new …/3 of the total observed increase in the unemployment rate, whereas geographical mismatch plays no apparent role. The share …

apprentices in their training firms is fairly low. Second, the transition to employment involves unemployment periods for many …