This Paper introduces optimal competition: the best form of competition in an industry that a competition authority can … competition outcome in an industry becomes more competitive as more money is spent in the industry, as the competition authority … puts less weight on producer surplus and more weight on employment. The relation between competition and entry costs is U …

Many utility markets are now being opened to competition, and some regulators have expressed the hope that this will … make the regulation of consumer prices unnecessary. In this paper, entrants offer (differentiated) 'added value', but … level of its costs. This is likely to be the case in the UK's energy industries, but competition may be able to replace …

television regulation in light of these developments. It surveys the dismal empirical record on the effects of price regulation … in cable and the more encouraging but incomplete evidence on the benefits of satellite and telco competition. It …

government regulation may reduce transaction costs, intensifying the competition associated with a given market structure, and we … regional price regulation and the share of votes received by the Communist Party. …

Using a new data set of the telecommunications sector on privatization (1981-98 for 167 countries) and competition …

We analyze the impact of product market competition on unemployment and wages, and how this depends on labour market … competition. We find that increased product market competition reduces unemployment, and that it does so more in countries with …. We also find that the effect of increased competition on real wages is beneficial to workers, but less so when they have …

We assess the influence of competition and capital regulation on the stability of the banking system. We particularly … ask two questions: i) how does capital regulation affect (endogenous) entry; and ii) how do (exogenous) changes in the … competitive environment affect bank monitoring choices and the effectiveness of capital regulation? Our approach deviates from the …

appropriate to achieve desired levels of competition in such settings. …