Over the last two centuries, many countries experienced regime transitions toward democracy. We document this … democratic transition over a long time horizon. We use historical time series of income, education and democracy levels from 1870 … to 2000 to explore the economic factors associated with rising levels of democracy. We find that primary schooling, and …

Europe and the former Soviet Union considerable scope to devote increased resources to tackling poverty. We review the extent … and nature of poverty across the transition countries, emphasising the phenomenon of the working-age poor. We consider … unemployment benefit schemes in the CIS would aid labour market reform and hence help solve the problem there of in-work poverty …

exploit this fact to identify the impact of opening a rural bank on poverty and output. Our estimates suggest that the Indian … rural branch expansion programme significantly lowered rural poverty, and increased non-agricultural output. …

Intergenerational inequality and old-age poverty are salient issues in contemporary China. China's aging population …

important since democracy is, on the whole, for specified reasons likely to enhance poverty reduction. … democracy and globalization. A major part deals with the question of whether globalization enhances democracy. The answer is …