This Paper introduces optimal competition: the best form of competition in an industry that a competition authority can … competition outcome in an industry becomes more competitive as more money is spent in the industry, as the competition authority … puts less weight on producer surplus and more weight on employment. The relation between competition and entry costs is U …

Many utility markets are now being opened to competition, and some regulators have expressed the hope that this will … make the regulation of consumer prices unnecessary. In this paper, entrants offer (differentiated) 'added value', but … level of its costs. This is likely to be the case in the UK's energy industries, but competition may be able to replace …

television regulation in light of these developments. It surveys the dismal empirical record on the effects of price regulation … in cable and the more encouraging but incomplete evidence on the benefits of satellite and telco competition. It …

crucial novel feature is the competition between lenders in their choice of contracts offered. The quality of investment … distribute themselves across all offered contracts. Competition between banks introduces three possibilities for a breakdown of … if the permissible types of contracts are limited by regulation resembling the separation of investment and commercial …

contrast to standard intuition, we also observe an efficiency rise in response to regulation in oligopolies. Both, transaction …

government regulation may reduce transaction costs, intensifying the competition associated with a given market structure, and we … regional price regulation and the share of votes received by the Communist Party. …

Using a new data set of the telecommunications sector on privatization (1981-98 for 167 countries) and competition …

We analyze the impact of product market competition on unemployment and wages, and how this depends on labour market … competition. We find that increased product market competition reduces unemployment, and that it does so more in countries with …. We also find that the effect of increased competition on real wages is beneficial to workers, but less so when they have …