representation forms for MNBs - branch and subsidiary representation - affect the behaviour of national regulators. We find that the … impact on regulators’ behaviour. We show that branch representation leads to a more lenient regulation for the home unit (the … unit of incorporation) than subsidiary representation. Regulation of the foreign unit can be softer or tougher in branch …

often also that consumers make the proper usage decisions. This paper studies investment and usage in a shared ATM network …. Because all banks coordinate their ATM investment decisions, there is no strategic but only a pure cost-saving incentive to … whether to withdraw cash at ATMs or branches. We find that banks substantially underinvested in the shared ATM network and …