sample of professionals is decomposed into several subsamples: men and women, and within each gender a distinction is made …). Comparisons by gender and ethnicity can then be made. Characteristics (endowments) and wage structures of the four groups are …

, breakdowns are provided by ethnic origin, marital status, age and education level. While most of the results are both expected … National Insurance Institute. The Paper focuses on gender differences in work history patterns and, within each gender …’s labour market attachment is stronger than is generally presumed. Gender differences in employment interruptions are greater …

substitution of low education / high experience workers by low experience / high education workers by using US and French microdata … explain the changes in returns to experience. It also accounts for a part of the increase in returns to education between 1980 …: the elasticity of substitution between experience and education, which is found to be less than half. In France, the …

Until the early decades of the 20th century, women spent more than 60% of their prime-age years either pregnant or …