regional integration arrangements (RIAs) on trade policy towards non-members in a three-good, three-country model. We explore … lower tariff against country C. Comparing free trade areas (FTAs) with and without rules of origin and customs unions (CUs … members’ terms of trade, need to be qualified accordingly. As it stands, the results nevertheless suggest that FTAs are likely …

the role of the guilds' social capital. We then extend the model to analyze the key trade-offs faced by rulers in choosing …

The paper studies attitudes toward immigration and trade using an opinion survey of two thousand French individuals. We … find that, beyond usual Stolper-Samuelson effects (skilled individuals are more pro-free trade than others, as in other … countries) attitudes toward trade and immigration are correlated and both are ideologically loaded. Right-wing affiliation is …

oceanic trade. Moreover, Atlantic ports grew much faster than other West European cities, including Mediterranean ports …. Atlantic trade and colonialism affected Europe both directly and indirectly by inducing institutional changes. In particular …, the growth of New World, African and Asian trade after 1500 strengthened new segments of the commercial bourgeoisie and …

trade-off between the benefits of coordination and the loss of independent policymaking endogenously determines the size … the degree of heterogeneity between countries and to the spectrum of common policies. Hence, there is a trade-off between …

that generate spillovers across members. The trade-off between benefits of coordination and loss of independent policy …

a free market zone with common external trade policy. We conjecture that the resulting allocation may be partly …