interaction within the supply-chain (i.e. with suppliers and customers) or not (with competitors). It further controls for the … the supply chain tend to be irrelevant for innovation, with frequent exchanges with competitors having a detrimental …

Parliament) and aristocratic titles (e.g., lords)--on the boards of directors of English and Welsh banks from 1879-1909 to … corroborates this finding, showing that a bank’s shares exhibited negative abnormal returns when their directors were elected to …

and banks. Finally, we find spillover effects in particular from sovereigns in the euro area periphery to the core …

This paper reports estimates of the long-run costs and benefits of banks funding more of their assets with loss … of the benefits from having banks use more equity no estimate of costs--however accurate--can tell us what the optimal … level of bank capital is. We use empirical evidence on UK banks to assess costs; we use data from shocks to incomes from a …