able to generate fragile equilibria. For instance, in this literature the natural unemployment rate is allowed to shift … over time depending on past unemployment. Actually, many European unemployment series seem to exhibit a unit root or … persistence. This view is questioned in the paper using German data on unemployment. A new class of time-series models, the …

the associated increase in unemployment. In the second part of the paper I examine the possibility that temporary … present I find evidence that is consistent with "hysteresis" effects on both the demand and supply side of the export market. …

factors such as the aggregate wage and the unemployment rate also play an important role. There is evidence for hysteresis …

differenced unemployment rate, to isolate three 'structural' shocks which drove business cycle fluctuations in Spain during 1970 … unit-root persistence in the unemployment rate. Our basic finding is that disinflationary policies in an economy suffering … from high persistence can become very costly in terms of unemployment, unless supply-side reforms, aimed at eliminating the …

hysteresis arises following large shocks to unemployment, but not following small changes. These results pose a challenge to …This paper is an empirical investigation of unemployment rate series in 17 countries. The timing and size of shifts in … the mean rate of unemployment are estimated. The size of the shifts and the remaining persistence in the unemployment rate …

This paper presents an empirical examination of the importance of hysteresis in international trade. An econometric … model of export determination is developed where the presence of sunk costs causes discontinuous behaviour and hysteresis so … States. The paper finds strong evidence in favour of the presence of pricing-to-market and hysteresis only in the case of …

Spanish manufacturing firms, the paper finds sunk costs hysteresis in entry and exit to be an important factor in determining … much larger than the costs of exiting the market. Finally, although hysteresis exists, its effect on the responsiveness of …