The geographical sources of innovation of firms have been hotly debated. While the traditional view is that physical … proximity within city-regions is key for the innovative capacity of firms, the literature on ‘global pipelines’ has been … survey of the level of innovation of 1604 firms of more than 10 employees located in the five largest Norwegian city …

OECD labor markets have become more “polarized” with employment in the middle of the skill distribution falling … technology (like R&D). Technologies can account for up to a quarter of the growth in demand for the college educated in the …

Technological change was unskilled-labor-biased during the early Industrial Revolution, but is skill-biased today. This … unskilled-labor-biased. Increasing basic knowledge causes a growth takeoff, an income-led demand for fewer educated children …

, we compare the extent of misallocation among firms within countries. We document high variation in firms' marginal …) closer to developed country benchmarks. Small firms and non-exporters have less access to finance and have higher returns to … capital in general. Self reported measures of obstacles to firms' operations suggest access to finance is the most important …

1604 firms in the five largest Norwegian city-regions to test, by means of a logit regression analysis, Jensen et al ….’s (2007) contention that firm innovation is both the result of ‘science, technology and innovation’ (STI) and ‘doing, using … effect on a firm’s propensity to innovate. Collaboration with extra-regional agents is much more conducive to innovation than …

generation. Firms, as controlled idea exchange systems, can reward idea generation but can do so only by restricting their … between markets and firms. …

technology that does not require their specialized input. The theory predicts an inverted-U relation between guilds and market … size: for small markets, firm profits are insufficient to cover the fixed cost of adopting the new technology, and hence … productive technology diffuses throughout the economy. We show that this inverted-U relation between guilds and market size …