dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both .carbon taxes. and research subsidies, so that excessive … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

environmental regulations can spur more rapid innovation. I present a general framework for the analysis of these questions. I …

detailed data on inventors contained in patents, and harness it for economic research. Patent data has long been used in … “John Smith” problem). Given that there are over 2 million patents with 2 inventors per patent on average, the “who is who …-inventors, etc. Forty percent of them have more than one patent, and 70,000 have more than 10 patents. We can trace those multiple …

The present paper discusses the role of quality in patent systems from the perspective of patent offices' behavior and … organization. After documenting original stylized facts, the paper presents a model in which patent offices set patent fees and the … quality level of their examination processes. Various objectives of patent offices' governors are considered. We show that the …

This paper presents a quality index for patent systems. The index is composed of nine operational design components … that help shape the transparency of patent systems and affect the extent to which they comply with patentability conditions … two factors measure patent offices’ resource allocation (i.e., workload per examiner and incentives). The index is …

, productivity growth, and product innovation to a larger extent when it targets more competitive sectors and when it is not …

-collectivism. The model predicts that more individualism leads to more innovation because of the social rewards associated with … innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal …

This paper develops a methodology to compare the quality of examination services across patent offices. Quality is … defined as the extent to which patent offices comply with their patentability conditions in a transparent way. The methodology … patent offices in Europe (EPO), Japan (JPO) and the US (USPTO) shows that their operational designs differ substantially: the …

This paper reviews the economic literature on the role of fees in patent systems. Two main research questions are … usually addressed: the impact of patent fees on the behavior of applicants and the question of optimal fees. Studies in the … former group confirm that a range of fees affect the behavior of applicants and suggest that a patent is an inelastic good …

One feature of the European patent system that is heavily criticized nowadays is related to its complex fragmentation … and the induced cost burden for applicants. Once a patent is granted by the EPO, the assignee must validate (and often … validation behaviour of applicants. We rely on a gravity model that aims at explaining patent flows between inventor and target …