hedge to fund drawn credit lines and other commitments. We shed new light on this issue by studying the behavior of bank …

A regulator resolving a bank faces two audiences: depositors, who may run if they believe the regulator will not …

, raising credit terms to their borrowers. The picture that emerges from these findings looks less like a traditional bank run …

behavior. By paying out dividends, a bank transfers value to its shareholders away from creditors, among whom are other banks …. This way, one bank's dividend payout policy affects the equity value and risk of default of other banks. When such negative … externalities are strong and bank franchise values are not too low, the private equilibrium can feature excess dividends relative to …

across banks. In particular, by paying out dividends, a bank transfers value to its shareholders away from its creditors, who … in turn are other banks. This way, one bank's dividend payout policy aects the equity value and risk of default of otther … banks. When such negative externalities are strong and bank franchise values are not too low, the private equilibrium can …

Today’s regulatory rules, especially the easily-manipulated measures of regulatory capital, have led to costly bank … failures. We design a robust regulatory system such that (i) bank losses are credibly borne by the private sector (ii …) systemically important institutions cannot collapse suddenly; (iii) bank investment is counter-cyclical; and (iv) regulatory …

creating counter-cyclical incentives for banks to raise capital, and so encourage bank lending in bad times. They avoid the …