can commit to wage contracts but cannot commit not to replace incumbent workers. Workers are risk averse, so that there …

We document substantial cross-sectional heterogeneity of German establishments' real wage cyclicality over the business … wages. We estimate a negative connection between establishments' wage cyclicality and their employment cyclicality, thereby …

independence. In short, they climb the career ladder. Climbing the career ladder explains 50% of wage growth and virtually all of … rising wage dispersion. The increasing gender wage gap by age parallels a rising hierarchy gap. Our findings suggest that … wage dynamics are shaped by the organization of production, which itself likely depends on technology, the skill set of the …

employers. We also find that there is a positive, albeit quantitatively small, relationship between wage inequality and training …

transitions between labor status or jobs, whereas for those at the top, earnings changes are mainly induced by wage rate growth …

income in East Germany. The bias difference in labor market expectations explains part of the East-West German wage gap. …