corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

This paper analyses how tax morale and countries’ institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a … factors to understand the level and changes of shadow economy. Relatively new available data sources offer the unique … that a higher tax morale and a higher institutional quality lead to a smaller shadow economy. …

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an … factors to understand the level and changes of shadow economy. However, the limited number of investigations use cross … support that its increase leads to a smaller shadow economy. Moreover, an increase in tax morale reduces the size of the …

estimating the size of the shadow economy for 157 countries over 1991 to 2017. The results suggest that the OECD countries are by … far the lowest with values below 20% of off official GDP and the shadow economy is larger in Latin America and Sub ….9%. What is really remarkable, that the average decline of the shadow economy from 1991 to 2017 is 6.8 percentage points. The …