While much is now known about the effects of physical health shocks to pregnant women on the outcomes of the in … two children with the same mother but where a parent of the mother died during one of the pregnancies - augmented with a …

While recent research finds strong evidence that birth order affects children's outcomes such as education, IQ scores …, and earnings, the evidence for effects on health is more limited. This paper uses a large dataset on the population of … Norway and focuses on the effect of birth order on a range of health and health-related behaviors, outcomes not previously …

of children from poorer families. -- birth weight ; twins ; education ; IQ ; earnings …

While recent research finds strong evidence that birth order affects children's outcomes such as education and earnings … earlier born children have higher IQs. Our preferred estimates suggest differences between first-borns and second-borns of … birth order effects occur because later-born children are more affected by family breakdown. …

How do families influence the ability of children? Cognitive skills have been shown to be a strong predictor of … to a better understanding of children's long run outcomes. This paper uses a large dataset on the male population of … resulting from twin births have negative effects on the IQ of existing children. …

, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic … these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are … this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school …

occupational sorting; first-born children are more likely to be managers, while later-born children are more likely to be self …-employed. We also find that earlier born children are more likely to be in occupations that require leadership ability, social … evidence of lower parental human capital investments in later-born children. …

More able parents tend to have more able children. While few would question the validity of this statement, there is … estimated elasticity of intergenerational transmission of income of approximately .2. -- Ability ; intergenerational mobility …