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This paper examines the statistical properties of energy consumption in the GCC countries applying fractional integration methods to annual data from 1980 to 2014. The results indicate that both the raw and the logged series exhibit a (statistically significant) linear time trend in the case of...
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fractional integration and cointegration methods. The univariate results indicate that the two series are highly persistent …, their orders of integration being around 2, whilst the cointegration tests (using both standard and fractional techniques …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012860770
This paper applies fractional integration methods to investigate the behaviour of various pollutants (PM10, PM25, SO2 and NO2) in seven Chinese cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Nanjing and Xian) using daily data over the period January 1, 2014 – November 18, 2022. The...
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