We explore the influence of oil price and geopolitical risk (GPR) on the international transmission of shocks within African forex markets. To gauge the dynamics of shock transmission, we employ the TVP-VAR connectedness model using daily data spanning over the period 2000-2023. We show that...

This paper studies the design of the policy mix in a monetary union, that is, the institutional arrangement specifying the relationships between the various policymakers present in the union and the extent of their capacity of action. It is assumed that policymakers do not cooperate. Detailing...

Under fixed exchange rates, fiscal policy is an effective tool. According to classical views because it impacts the real exchange rate, according to Keynesian views because it impacts output. Both views have merit because the effects of government spending are asymmetric. A spending cut lowers...