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Policy makers use reference pricing to curb pharmaceutical expenditures by reducing coverage of expensive branded drugs. In a theoretical analysis we show that the net effect of reference pricing is generally ambiguous when accounting for entry by generic producers. Reference pricing shifts...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014080046
commercial (buildings) sector in an ambitious country, Austria …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013217087
prices appears to be less pronounced and amounts to 6.6% lower prices. Austria’s fuel price regulation seems to have been … whether they indeed help lower the overall fuel price level is unclear. In this paper, we study the effect of Austria’s Fuel … estimate Austria’s price trends in absence of the intervention. Our empirical results suggest, that immediately after the Fuel …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013250741
This chapter discusses the basis for and concepts of implementing performance based measures in financial regulation …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012844417
The roam-like-at-home regulation (RLAH) eliminated all mobile roaming surcharges to Eu-ropean consumers travelling … within the European Economic Area (EEA). We measure the causal impact of the regulation on EEA roaming traffic, using the … revenues. To evaluate the welfare effects of the regulation, we develop a framework that includes consumer surplus, retail and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013211736
assess the effectiveness and efficiency of these standards, which are the centerpiece of US Clean Air Act regulation of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014240477
Issues of taxation and development, which have long been a central concern of the IMF, have attracted wider and renewed interest in the last few years. This paper reflects on three broad lessons of experience: that developing countries differ vastly in tax matters, and in ways that are less than...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013098586
With fiscal adjustment proceeding quickly in Bulgaria and given the weak economic growth environment, there is keen interest in making the budget composition more growth friendly. This paper quantifies the short-term impact of fiscal policy on economic activity in Bulgaria using econometric and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013085612
Wide-ranging structural reforms are underway in Italy, aimed at addressing key bottlenecks in the product and labor markets. Our analysis, based on the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal model (GIMF), attempts to quantify the potential gains to the economy from a comprehensive package...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013086322
Macroeconomic adjustment in the euro area periphery was more recessionary than pre-crisis imbalances would have warranted. To make this claim, this paper uses a Propensity Score Matching Model to produce counterfactuals for the Eurozone crisis countries (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Cyprus, Spain)...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012866042