are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

autonomous province of Trento) the PISA 2009 test was re-administered to the same students one year later. This paper is the … first to analyse in the OECD-PISA context the potential advantages of re-testing the same students in order to provide …

in Germany, either teachers or parents have the discretion to decide which secondary school track a child may attend … increased time investments in students' skill development. Overall, my results suggest that selective admission policies can … lead to permanent improvements in students' educational performances. …

effects on school grades, but these negative effects are largely confined to children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of … gestation, i.e. born at least 10 weeks earlier). Children born moderately preterm (i.e. born up to 5 weeks early) suffer no ill … school environment is very important for the outcomes of preterm born children, such that those born extremely preterm that …

dilemmas and maintening public goods in human societies. We study the development of cooperation in 929 young children, aged 3 … of defectors is applied. Children also engage in reciprocating others, showing that reciprocity strategies are already … young children fail to anticipate the benefits of reputation building. We also show that the cognitive skills of children …

influence of children’s cognitive skills and parents’ socioeconomic background on cooperation. …We study the development of cooperation in 929 young children, aged 3 to 6. In a unified experimental framework, we … game. We find that third-party punishment doubles cooperation rates in comparison to a control condition. Children also …

dilemmas and maintening public goods in human societies. We study the development of cooperation in 929 young children, aged 3 … of defectors is applied. Children also engage in reciprocating others, showing that reciprocity strategies are already … young children fail to anticipate the benefits of reputation building. We also show that the cognitive skills of children …

In this paper we investigate the existence and the size of territorial differences in Italian students' mathematical …

students per class. Classes that do not reach the minimum number of pupils are organized in multigrade classes. In addition …, the Italian law also establishes a maximum number of students for multigrade classes, leaving a narrow range in the number … of students per class which is very similar to small class size in single grade classes when the number of students …