Nach dem jüngsten Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts steht die Einführung von Studiengebühren in Deutschland auf der Tagesordnung. Damit wird Deutschland der Mehrheit der europäischen Länder folgen. Die Modelle sind dabei sehr vielschichtig, was die Höhe, aber auch was die Erhebung und...

We use aggregated data from Facebook to study the structure of social networks across European regions. Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions — such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East/West...

The harmonized European value-added tax (VAT) is anything but a modern consumption tax that taxes all goods and services at a uniform rate. As exemplified by an analysis of the Dutch version, some 60% of the base is exempted, that is, not taxed on output but on inputs. This has serious...

This paper examines persistence, structural breaks and non-linearities in the case of five European stock market indices, namely the FTSE100 (UK), DAX30 (Germany), CAC40 (France), IBEX35 (Spain) and FTSE MIB40 (Italy), using fractional integration methods. The empirical results provide no...