market outcomes do not benefit significantly from naturalization. Naturalization reduces the risks of unemployment and …

establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent …. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non …-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment …

unemployed declined after the reform. These patterns suggest that the reform of unemployment benefits may be one of the reasons …We investigate whether a cut in unemployment benefit payout periods affected older workers’ labor market transitions … behind the recent incredible rise in old age employment in Germany. …

and the Gottschalk (1996) method we investigate to what extent fathers' unemployment is causal for offsprings' employment …This paper studies the association between the unemployment experience of fathers and their sons. Based on German … intergenerational unemployment transmission. This outcome is robust to alternative data structures and to tests at the intensive and …

age 25 for East and West German youths: non-employment (i.e., unemployment or out of the labor force), permanent fulltime … employment, and wages. We find strong positive effects of apprenticeship and vocational training. There are no significant …

We investigate the unemployment pathway to retirement in Germany and study the causal effects of two early retirement … unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The overall use of the retirement system declined by about 1 …

We investigate the unemployment pathway to retirement in Germany and study the causal effects of two early retirement … unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The overall use of the retirement system declined by about 1 …