Pakistan has been experiencing robust economic growth for the past few years. The macroeconomic position as exhibited … remains; will Pakistan be able to sustain these growth levels? Preserving the momentum becomes difficult when growth is … national level and has deeper sociological consequences as well. Pakistan being a small open economy has limited or no control …

This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and trade performance in Pakistan by using the … the trade performance which leads to decline in economic growth in Pakistan. The present study may guide policy makers in … between energy consumption and trade performance. Our results indicate that gross domestic product, exports and imports have …

The study investigates effect of trade openness on economic growth in the long run. We apply the ARDL bounds testing … series. In long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is vindicated by VECM Granger …

market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail … market concentration. Due to this concentration retail prices may be higher and welfare may be lower in free trade than in … autarky, thus reversing the standard effects of trade liberalization. Second, the pro-competitive effects of trade …

international trade and two groups of countries that differ with respect to fuel demand and environmental damage. It investigates …

We build and estimate a structural dynamic general equilibrium model of growth and trade. Trade affects growth through …, growth affects trade, directly through changes in country size and indirectly through altering the incidence of trade costs …. Theory translates into an intuitive econometric system that identifies the causal impact of trade on income and growth, and …

Recent trade theory in the Krugman (1980) tradition predicts that countries with larger market size enjoy higher levels … spending on inputs is affected by trade costs. However, in cross-country data, there is no such positive correlation between … is implicitly assumed in the usual formulation of aggregate CES production functions. Whether trade liberalization …

international trade, self-enforcing - or stable - IEAs may comprise up to 60% of all countries (Eichner and Pethig 2013). But these … coalitions are Stackelberg leaders and set tariffs in addition to their cap-and-trade schemes. Surprisingly, these smaller IEAs …