This essay identifies the empirical facts about lobbying which are generally agreed upon in the literature. It then … discusses challenges to empirical research in lobbying and provides examples of empirical methods that can be employed to … discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and effective use of the main types of data available for research in lobbying. It …

review of the evidence on the supply of earmarks by legislators. It then discusses the role of university lobbying for …

This is the first paper to statistically examine the timing of interest group lobbying. It introduces a theoretical … intensity and timing of interest group activity. Using a new database of all lobbying expenditures in the U.S. states ranging up … to 25 years, the paper shows interest group lobbying increases substantially during one of these structural windows in …

lobbying by firms. We examine 150 lobbying contacts at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on the issue of payphone …

Despite a large literature on lobbying and information transmission by interest groups, no prior study has measured … returns to lobbying. In this paper, we statistically estimate the returns to lobbying by universities for educational earmarks … (which now represent 10 percent of federal funding of university research). The returns to lobbying approximate zero for …

litigate administrative rulemaking in the courts affects the lobbying strategies of competing interest groups at the rulemaking … cannot be observed by examining each one in isolation. We demonstrate that lobbying effort responds to the ideology of the … quo, interest group lobbying investments become smaller, and may be eliminated all together, 2) as interest groups become …

lobbying (internal organization vs. trade association) by firms in administrative agencies. It explores the power and … limitations of the collective action theories and transaction cost theories in explaining lobbying. It introduces a dataset of … over 900 lobbying contacts cover 101 issues at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in early 1998. We find that the …