: Albania, Indonesia, Madagascar and Nepal. Simple descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, contingency tables and …

We construct a panel of satisfaction with democracy (SWD) and economic, institutional, and environmental variables for … higher where (1) there exists an energy / CO2 tax, where (2) government expenditures on the environment are higher, where (3 …

We study the political economy of the environment in autocratic, weak and strong democracies when individuals can …

This paper empirically analyzes the joint impact of democracy and press freedom on corruption. Based in the theoretical …

Does democracy promote economic development? This paper reviews recent attempts to address this question that exploited … explain why presidential democracy leads to faster growth than parliamentary democracy. Third, it is important to distinguish … growth effect of democracy. …

, low-level officials, and the judiciary are corrupt. In the model, the central government sells offices to low …-level officials and demands ex-post payments enforced by the judiciary. Because an independent judiciary can rule against the central … promotes corruption at the lower level. Therefore, even if highly corrupt, an independent judiciary may reduce total corruption …

It is argued that an independent judiciary is a necessary condition for both individual liberty and economic prosperity …. After having surveyed the literature dealing with how to arrange for an independent judiciary, the authors derive some …