There is often a gap between the prescriptions of an optimal tax system and actual tax systems, some of which can be … reviews the political economics literature on tax systems and reforms to see whether political mechanisms allow us to better … understand why tax systems look the way they look. Finally, we exploit a database of reforms in labour taxation in the European …

wages, assume that a higher employee-borne tax burden reduces effort. In turn, this raises a firm's production costs and … reduces efficiency. Accordingly, we show that a higher employee-borne income tax negatively influences a multinational …'s profit by reducing manager effort. Furthermore, we compile data on personal income tax profiles for 49 economies and the year …

personal income tax profiles for 49 economies and the year 2002. In particular, we determine the component of labor taxes which …, we calculate the progressivity of personal income tax rates between the average wage and five times the average wage …. This may be interpreted as the tax progression which is relevant for well-paid workers. Then, we use the personal income …

loophole by providing grandfathering (exemption from withholding tax) for some securities. In this paper we compare the pre-tax … returns of exempt bonds and comparable taxable bonds. If working around the Savings Directive is difficult for tax evaders in … enough to allow tax evaders to continue evasion at no additional cost. The findings of our study are in line with this latter …

doctors, and too many lawyers. If the total tax rate is kept constant, then replacing part of existing wage taxes with …

saving programme rather than as a tax-and-transfer system, thereby raising labour force participation rates but also …