that national differences of the pass-through speed in the EU can be regarded as a retail-oriented indicator of financial …

like the EU deficit limits. The econometric results indicate that the decline is largely due to two developments: First to … privatisation process nor EU deficit restrictions of the Maastricht Treaty can explain the decline. …

cigarettes, the structure of the consumption, but also the amount of the tax revenue. EU Directive 2011/64/EU prescribes the … determine the shares of one or another component in the overall excise tax structure, whereby the EU directive only prescribes … in the EU. The first one is that an increase of the specific component of the cigarette excise negatively affects the …

380 local authority areas in the United Kingdom. We find that exposure to the EU in terms of immigration and trade …

We study the pass-through of indirect taxes on beer prices in the European Union (EU). Exploiting the variation of … EU member states, we estimate the tax pass-through of specific beer excise taxes and ad valorem value added taxes (VAT …). VAT is under-shifted at a rate of approximately 70%. Specific excise taxes are almost fully shifted to prices in the EU …

the single most important correlate of the subsequent Leave vote in the 2016 European Union (EU) referendum, along with … specific welfare reforms as well as broader measures of political preferences. The results suggest that the EU referendum could …