establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent …. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non …-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment …

We apply German Mikrozensus data for the period 1996 to 2004 to investigate the employment status of mothers … differences in the employment behavior of East and West German mothers. German family policy sets incentives particularly for low … employment differences as East German women with low earnings potentials appear to adopt West German low employment patterns over …

birth-related employment interruptions. The reform yields most of the intended effects. …

behind the recent incredible rise in old age employment in Germany. …