, whereas the conventional 100 % tax view holds under the standard utilitarian social welfare criterion, it does not hold under … the ex post egalitarian criterion, which assigns a strong weight to the welfare of unlucky short-lived individuals. From …

We consider the notion of welfare stigma à la Besley and Coate (1992b). This stigma is attributed to welfare claimants … by society when they are perceived as undeserving in the sense that they falsely claim to be eligible for welfare … benefits. However, due to imperfect information, this stigma may be extended, with some probability, to all welfare claimants …

postulated social welfare criterion. We first characterize optimal lockdown under utilitarianism, and we show that this social … further reduces average utility, but leads to a larger aggregate welfare. The optimal lockdown under utilitarianism is also …

higher social welfare. A substantial empirical literature establishes that workers reciprocate gifts in the form of higher … hypotheses and confirms the behavioral and welfare implications …